![]() The utility of these scales in the medically ill is challenging because the frequent presence of somatic symptoms in physical diseases can mislead their score interpretation. Other scales have been devoted to quantify depression in specific age groups, such as adolescents ( 14) and the elderly ( 15). Alternative scales have been developed to measure depression in specific populations, such as postpartum women ( 12) and patients with schizophrenia ( 13). Popular instruments include the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) ( 6), the Self-Rating Depression Scale ( 7), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ( 8), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 ( 9), the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology ( 10), and the Depression in the Medically Ill ( 11). Throughout the second half of the 20 th century, along with the discovery of effective antidepressant drugs and the development of cognitive-behavioral therapy, several patient-rated assessment scales for detecting depression were proposed. In contrast, self-report measures for depression can be cost-effective for use in busy specialty medical clinics. While prompt treatment of depression can improve the outcome of the co-occurring physical illness, proper and early recognition of treatable depression can result in a faster recovery and can shorten the patient's hospital stay.įormal assessment of depression by a liaison psychiatrist or clinician-administered instruments, such as the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( 4) and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale ( 5), are onerous to implement in routine clinical settings. Patients who present depression along with medical illness tend to have more severe symptoms, more difficulty adjusting to their health condition, and more medical costs than patients who do not have co-existing depression ( 2). The functional impairment associated with medical illnesses often causes depression. Depressive symptoms may co-occur with serious medical illnesses, such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, neurological disease, HIV infection, and diabetes ( 1–3). Patients with chronic medical illness have a high prevalence of major depressive illness ( 1). Although this scale represents a sound path for detecting depression in patients with medical conditions, the clinician should seek evidence for how to interpret the score before using the Beck Depression Inventory-II to make clinical decisions. The Beck Depression Inventory-II can be easily adapted in most clinical conditions for detecting major depression and recommending an appropriate intervention. The somatic and cognitive-affective dimension described the latent structure of the instrument. Its threshold for detecting depression varied according to the type of patients, suggesting the need for adjusted cut-off points. The Beck Depression Inventory-II showed high reliability and good correlation with measures of depression and anxiety. ![]() Validation studies of the Beck Depression Inventory-II, in both primary care and hospital settings, were found for clinics of cardiology, neurology, obstetrics, brain injury, nephrology, chronic pain, chronic fatigue, oncology, and infectious disease. ![]() Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria seventy articles were retained. We examined relevant investigations with the Beck Depression Inventory-II for measuring depression in medical settings to provide guidelines for practicing clinicians. To perform a systematic review of the utility of the Beck Depression Inventory for detecting depression in medical settings, this article focuses on the revised version of the scale (Beck Depression Inventory-II), which was reformulated according to the DSM-IV criteria for major depression. ![]()
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